Desembarques de recursos demersales y costeros que sustentan la pesca artesanal en el puerto de Chancay, 2011 – 2017

Abstract

La pesquería artesanal en Chancay tiene alta informalidad y no se dispone de información confiable y oportuna. Se presenta el análisis de los desembarques de la pesca artesanal durante el período 2011-2017, para determinar el estado situacional, observar fluctuaciones y tendencias. La toma de datos se realizó en el Desembarcadero Pesquero Artesanal del Puerto de Chancay, registrándose: desembarques, zonas de pesca y riqueza biológica, que se procesaron con el programa de estadística Primer-e multivariada. En ese septenio se desembarcaron 5.556,03 t constituidos por 73 especies de peces y 5 de invertebrados. Mayor desembarque fue de: lorna (1264,9 t; 22,8%), pejerrey (730,2 t; 13,1%), pota (697,5 t; 12,6%), perico (528,5 t; 9,5%) y machete (460,1 t; 8,3%). El 2014 se desembarcaron 930,9 t (16,8%) con mayor desembarque en agosto (120,3 t) y menor en abril (34,1 t), el incremento se debió a pota, perico, raya águila, lorna y bonito. El mínimo ocurrió el 2011 con 541,3 t (9,7%). Mayor diversidad biológica se registró el 2017 con 61 especies y menor diversidad el 2014 y 2012 con 43 especies. En invertebrados sobresalieron cangrejo violáceo, cangrejo peludo y pota. La flota artesanal estuvo compuesta según tipo de arte: cortina (64,9%), pinta (15,2%), espinel (10,1%), cangrejera (8,9%), trasmallo (0,7%), cerco (0,1%) y buceo (0,004%). Según el índice de estacionalidad el periodo de buena temporada de pesca para lorna fue de febrero a mayo y para pejerrey de marzo a agosto. La zona de pesca para lorna estuvo distribuida en 42 puntos entre Punta Salinas (Huacho) por el norte y Ventanilla por el sur. La menor temperatura superficial del mar se registró entre setiembre y octubre (15,3 °C) con anomalías de -0,1 a -0,3 °C y la máxima ocurrió de febrero a marzo (18,7 °C) con anomalías de -0,1 a -0,3 °C, la tendencia promedio fue 17,1 °C con anomalía neutra. Mayores capturas se registraron con mayores temperaturas. La mayor riqueza biológica y abundancia se registró el 2017; la mayor similitud utilizando el método de Bray Curtis se determinó entre el 2016 y 2017.

ABSTRACT: In Chancay, artisanal fisheries are highly informal and there is a lack of reliable and timely information. Therefore, we present the analysis of artisanal fishery landings between 2011 and 2017, to determine the situational status and observe fluctuations and patterns. Data collection was carried out at the Artisanal Fishing Landing Site of the Port of Chancay, where the following information was recorded: landings, fishing grounds, and biological richness, which were processed with the Primer-e multivariate statistics software. During these seven years, a total of 5,556.03 tons were landed, made up of 73 fish and 5 invertebrate species. The following species were the most landed: Sciaena deliciosa (1264.9 t, 22.8%), Odontesthes regia (730.2 t, 13.1%), Dosidicus gigas (697.5 t, 12.6%), Coryphaena hippurus (528.5 t, 9.5%), and Ethmidium maculatum (460.1 t, 8.3%). In 2014, 930.9 t (16.8%) were landed with the highest landings occurring in August (120.3 t) and the lowest in April (34.1 t); this increase was due to D. gigas, C. hippurus, Myliobatis peruvianus, S. deliciosa, and Sarda chiliensis chiliensis. The minimum occurred in 2011 with 541.3 t (9.7%). In 2017, we recorded the highest biological diversity with 61 species, while the lowest one was recorded in 2014 and 2012 with 43 species. In invertebrates, Platyxanthus orbignyi, Romaleon setosum, and D. gigas stood out. The following fishing gears were used by the artisanal fleet: curtain net (64.9%), handline (15.2%) longline (10.1%), crab trap (8.9%), trammel net (0.7%) purse seine (0.1%), and diving (0.004%). According to the seasonality index, the good fishing season for S. deliciosa was from February to May and for O. regia it was from March to August. For S. deliciosa, the fishing zone was distributed in 42 spots between Punta Salinas (Huacho) in the north and Ventanilla in the south. The lowest sea surface temperature was recorded between September and October (15.3 °C) with anomalies of -0.1 to -0.3 °C and the peak occurred from February to March (18.7 °C) with anomalies of -0.1 to -0.3 °C, the mean temperature was 17.1 °C with a neutral anomaly. Higher catches were recorded with higher temperatures. The highest biological richness and abundance were recorded in 2017 and the highest similarity was determined between 2016 and 2017 using the Bray Curtis method.